A F G H A N I S T A N
The history of Afghanistan as a country began in 1823 as the Emirate of Afghanistan after the fall of its predecessor, the Afghan Durrani Empire, which was considered the status of the founding of modern Afghanistan. [1] Its history is linked to other countries in its region, especially Tajikistan, Pakistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and India. [2] The recorded history of the country that now forms Afghanistan can be traced back to about 500 BCE when the area was under the Achaemenid Empire, [3] although evidence shows that improved urban migration exists in the country from between 3000 and 2000.
BCE. [4] [5] [6] The virus dates back to 2500 BCE. [7] Indus Valley civilization reached large parts of northern Afghanistan. [8] Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army arrived in what is now Afghanistan in 330 BCE after the fall of the Achaemenid Empire during the Gaugamela War. [9] Since then, several provinces have appointed officials in Afghanistan, including Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Indo-Sassanids, Kabul Shahi, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, and -Ghurids, Kartids, Timurids, Hotakis and Durranis. [10] Modern place Afghanistan in Asia Afghanistan (meaning "Afghan country" or "Afghan region") has been one of the most important places in history.
[11] The country served as "the center of the ancient Silk Road in central Asia, a gateway to the Indian subcontinent, linking China with western Asia and Europe, which carried trade from the Mediterranean to China". [12] Located on many trade and migration routes, Afghanistan may be referred to as the 'Central Asian roundabout' [13] as routes converge from the Middle East, from the Indus Valley across the Hindu Kush, from the Far East across the Tarim Basin , and from nearby -Eurasian Steppe.Iranian languages were developed by one half of these people; The Pashto language spoken today in Afghanistan by Pashtun, is one of the Eastern Iranian languages.
Elena E. Kuz'mina says that tents of Afrikaans-speaking and Iranian-speaking people from the bright houses of the Eurasian band during the Bronze Age. [14] The Muslim conquest of Afghanistan has influenced the culture of Afghanistan, and its pre-Islamic period of the Zoroastrian, Buddhist and Hindu period has long since passed. Generation of Muslims such as Tahirid, Saffarid, Gaznavid, Samanid, and Ghurid invaded Afghanistan and established their rule in central Asia especially in Great Khorasan and opened up Islam in northern India in what is now Pakistan. Mirwais Hotak succeeded Ahmad Shah Durrani and united the Afghan tribes such as Pashtun, Tajik, Hazaras, Uzbeck and Turkmens under one proclamation and established the last Afghan Empire in the early 18th century CE. [15] [16] [17]] [18] [] Excessive quotes] Afghanistan has a large and diverse population: Pashtun, Tajik, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Turkmen, Qizilbash, Aimak, Pashayi, Baloch, Pamiris, Nuristanis, and others.Afghanistan (/ æfˈɡænɪstæn, æfˈɡɑːnɪstɑːn / (About this listen to the noise)), [22] officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, a closed country located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south (including the Gilgit-Baltistan border bordered by Pakistan, an area sought by India), Iran to the west, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan to the north, and Tajikistan and China to the northeast. With an area of 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country has a plateau of mountains to the north and southwest divided by the Hindu Kush mountain range. As of 2021, its population is 40.2 Million [23], which includes mainly Pashtun, Tajik, Hazaras, and Uzbek. Kabul is the largest city in the country and serves as its capital. Islamic Emirate of Afghanistanد افغانستان اسلامي امارت (Pashto) Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat امارت اسلامی افغانستان (Dari) Imārat-i Islāmī-yi Afghanistān Afghan flag Flag Islamic Emirate Coat of Arms [1] Coat of arms Slogan: lā ʾilāha ʾillà l-Lāh, Muḥammadun rasūlu l-Lāh لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله (Arabic) "There is no god but God. Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." Ihubo: دا د باتورانو کور Dā də bātorāno kor "This Is the Home of the Brave" [3] [4] [5] [6] Afghanistan (orthographic projection) .svg Capital and the largest city Kabul 34 ° 31′N 69 ° 11′E [7] Big languages PashtoDari Racial groups (illegal estimates for 2019) [b] [9] [10] [11] [12] 42% Pashtun 27% Tajik 9% Hazara 9% Uzbek 4% power. 3% Turkmen 2% Baloch 4% Others Religion 99.7% Islam (official) 0.3% Others Demons Afghan [c] [15] [16] Government Interim Islamic Islamic State [17] • Leader Hibatullah Akhundzada • Minister Hasan Akhund (acting) • Chief Justice Abdul Hakim Ishaqzai Composition • Afghan Empire 1451-1526 • Hotak Empire 1709–1738 • Durrani Empire 1747-1823 • Emirate 1823-1839 • The restoration of the Durrani Kingdom 1839-1842 • Emirate Restoration 1842-1926 • Secure Earth 26 May 1879 •
Independence 19 August 1919 • State Building June 9, 1926 • Proclamation of the Republic 17 July 1973 • Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 27–28 April 1978 • Islamic State 28 April 1992 • Islamic Emirate 7 September 1996 • Islamic Republic 26 January 2004 • Restoration of Islamic Emirate 15 August 2021 Location • Total 652,864 [18] km2 (252,072 sq mi) (40th) • Water (%) -small Population • Average for 2021 40,218,234 [19] (37th) • Overcrowding 48.08 / km2 (124.5 / sq mi) (174th) GDP (PPP) 2018 average • Total $ 72.911 billion [20] (96th) • Per capita $ 2,024 [20] (169th) GDP (name) 2018 average • Total $ 21.657 billion [20] (111st) • Per capita $ 493 [20] (177th) HDI (2019) Increase by 0.511 [21] floor · 169th Money Afghanistan (Afghanistan) (AFN) Time zone UTC + 4:30 Sun Calendar (D †) Driving side right Call code +93 ISO code 3166 AF Internet TLD .af افغانستان. Living in Afghanistan goes back to the Middle Paleolithic period, with the cou
BCE. [4] [5] [6] The virus dates back to 2500 BCE. [7] Indus Valley civilization reached large parts of northern Afghanistan. [8] Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army arrived in what is now Afghanistan in 330 BCE after the fall of the Achaemenid Empire during the Gaugamela War. [9] Since then, several provinces have appointed officials in Afghanistan, including Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Indo-Sassanids, Kabul Shahi, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, and -Ghurids, Kartids, Timurids, Hotakis and Durranis. [10] Modern place Afghanistan in Asia Afghanistan (meaning "Afghan country" or "Afghan region") has been one of the most important places in history.
[11] The country served as "the center of the ancient Silk Road in central Asia, a gateway to the Indian subcontinent, linking China with western Asia and Europe, which carried trade from the Mediterranean to China". [12] Located on many trade and migration routes, Afghanistan may be referred to as the 'Central Asian roundabout' [13] as routes converge from the Middle East, from the Indus Valley across the Hindu Kush, from the Far East across the Tarim Basin , and from nearby -Eurasian Steppe.Iranian languages were developed by one half of these people; The Pashto language spoken today in Afghanistan by Pashtun, is one of the Eastern Iranian languages.
Elena E. Kuz'mina says that tents of Afrikaans-speaking and Iranian-speaking people from the bright houses of the Eurasian band during the Bronze Age. [14] The Muslim conquest of Afghanistan has influenced the culture of Afghanistan, and its pre-Islamic period of the Zoroastrian, Buddhist and Hindu period has long since passed. Generation of Muslims such as Tahirid, Saffarid, Gaznavid, Samanid, and Ghurid invaded Afghanistan and established their rule in central Asia especially in Great Khorasan and opened up Islam in northern India in what is now Pakistan. Mirwais Hotak succeeded Ahmad Shah Durrani and united the Afghan tribes such as Pashtun, Tajik, Hazaras, Uzbeck and Turkmens under one proclamation and established the last Afghan Empire in the early 18th century CE. [15] [16] [17]] [18] [] Excessive quotes] Afghanistan has a large and diverse population: Pashtun, Tajik, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Turkmen, Qizilbash, Aimak, Pashayi, Baloch, Pamiris, Nuristanis, and others.Afghanistan (/ æfˈɡænɪstæn, æfˈɡɑːnɪstɑːn / (About this listen to the noise)), [22] officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, a closed country located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south (including the Gilgit-Baltistan border bordered by Pakistan, an area sought by India), Iran to the west, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan to the north, and Tajikistan and China to the northeast. With an area of 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country has a plateau of mountains to the north and southwest divided by the Hindu Kush mountain range. As of 2021, its population is 40.2 Million [23], which includes mainly Pashtun, Tajik, Hazaras, and Uzbek. Kabul is the largest city in the country and serves as its capital. Islamic Emirate of Afghanistanد افغانستان اسلامي امارت (Pashto) Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat امارت اسلامی افغانستان (Dari) Imārat-i Islāmī-yi Afghanistān Afghan flag Flag Islamic Emirate Coat of Arms [1] Coat of arms Slogan: lā ʾilāha ʾillà l-Lāh, Muḥammadun rasūlu l-Lāh لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله (Arabic) "There is no god but God. Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." Ihubo: دا د باتورانو کور Dā də bātorāno kor "This Is the Home of the Brave" [3] [4] [5] [6] Afghanistan (orthographic projection) .svg Capital and the largest city Kabul 34 ° 31′N 69 ° 11′E [7] Big languages PashtoDari Racial groups (illegal estimates for 2019) [b] [9] [10] [11] [12] 42% Pashtun 27% Tajik 9% Hazara 9% Uzbek 4% power. 3% Turkmen 2% Baloch 4% Others Religion 99.7% Islam (official) 0.3% Others Demons Afghan [c] [15] [16] Government Interim Islamic Islamic State [17] • Leader Hibatullah Akhundzada • Minister Hasan Akhund (acting) • Chief Justice Abdul Hakim Ishaqzai Composition • Afghan Empire 1451-1526 • Hotak Empire 1709–1738 • Durrani Empire 1747-1823 • Emirate 1823-1839 • The restoration of the Durrani Kingdom 1839-1842 • Emirate Restoration 1842-1926 • Secure Earth 26 May 1879 •
Independence 19 August 1919 • State Building June 9, 1926 • Proclamation of the Republic 17 July 1973 • Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 27–28 April 1978 • Islamic State 28 April 1992 • Islamic Emirate 7 September 1996 • Islamic Republic 26 January 2004 • Restoration of Islamic Emirate 15 August 2021 Location • Total 652,864 [18] km2 (252,072 sq mi) (40th) • Water (%) -small Population • Average for 2021 40,218,234 [19] (37th) • Overcrowding 48.08 / km2 (124.5 / sq mi) (174th) GDP (PPP) 2018 average • Total $ 72.911 billion [20] (96th) • Per capita $ 2,024 [20] (169th) GDP (name) 2018 average • Total $ 21.657 billion [20] (111st) • Per capita $ 493 [20] (177th) HDI (2019) Increase by 0.511 [21] floor · 169th Money Afghanistan (Afghanistan) (AFN) Time zone UTC + 4:30 Sun Calendar (D †) Driving side right Call code +93 ISO code 3166 AF Internet TLD .af افغانستان. Living in Afghanistan goes back to the Middle Paleolithic period, with the cou
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